The sanctioned Russian crude continues to reach global markets primarily through an extensive shadow fleet of aging tankers, ship-to-ship transfers, and transponder manipulation. They utilise hundreds of unverified or falsely flagged vessels that operate outside Western insurance and maritime services. Urals crude is moved through ship-to-ship transfers from smaller vessels to larger VLCC super-tankers onContinue reading “Sanctioned Russian Oil’s Hilarious full Circle”
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